Between 22-27th of July many of our current and former lab members participated at the IAVS 61st Annual Symposium at Montana State University in Bozeman. Meelis and Carlos organised a special session ‘Species pools across scales: an integrative perspective’, where also our former post-doc Jody Price made a presentation. Jon Bennett was talking about functional traits, Inga Hiiesalu about mycorrhiza and Triin Reitalu about vegetation history. The primary theme of the meeting was "Natural Ecosystems as Benchmarks for Vegetation Science".